Kulekanitsa kwazinthu ndi vuto lomwe lilipo m'makina ambiri osungira.Pamene kufunikira kwa zinthu zapamwamba kumawonjezeka, vuto la kudzipatula limakhala lovuta kwambiri.
Monga tonse tikudziwa, ma telescopic ma radial stack conveyors ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yolekanitsira ma stack.Amatha kupanga zowerengera m'magawo, gawo lililonse limapangidwa ndi zida zingapo.Kuti apange zinthu motere, chotengeracho chiyenera kuyenda mosalekeza.Ngakhale kusuntha kwa ma telescopic conveyors kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pamanja, makina ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowongolera.
Ma conveyor omwe amatha kubwezeredwa okha amatha kupangidwa kuti apange zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, makulidwe, ndi masinthidwe.Kusinthasintha kopanda malireku kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndikugulitsa zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri.
Makontrakitala amawononga ndalama zokwana madola mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse kupanga zinthu zophatikizidwira m'njira zosiyanasiyana.Ntchito zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo zida zoyambira, asphalt ndi konkriti.
Njira yopangira zopangira izi ndizovuta komanso zodula.Mafotokozedwe okhwima ndi kulolerana kumatanthauza kuti kufunikira kwa khalidwe la mankhwala kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri.
Pamapeto pake, zinthuzo zimachotsedwa mumtolo ndikutumizidwa kumalo komwe zimaphatikizidwa mu subgrade, asphalt kapena konkriti.
Zipangizo zofunika kuvula, kuphulitsa, kuphwanya ndi kuwunika ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri.Komabe, zida zotsogola zimatha kupanga mosalekeza molingana ndi momwe zimakhalira.Zosungira zimatha kuwoneka ngati gawo laling'ono pazopanga zophatikizika, koma ngati zitachitika molakwika, zitha kupangitsa kuti chinthucho chikhale chogwirizana ndi zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa.Izi zikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolakwika zosungirako kungapangitse kutaya ndalama zina zopangira mankhwala abwino.
Ngakhale kuyika zinthu m'gulu lazinthu kungathe kusokoneza ubwino wake, kufufuza ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zonse.Ndi njira yosungirako yomwe imatsimikizira kupezeka kwa zinthuzo.Mlingo wa kupanga nthawi zambiri umakhala wosiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kuwerengera kumathandiza kupanga kusiyana.
Inventory imapatsanso makontrakitala malo okwanira osungira kuti athe kuyankha bwino pakusinthasintha kwa msika.Chifukwa cha phindu lomwe kusungirako limapereka, nthawi zonse lidzakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga zonse.Chifukwa chake, opanga akuyenera kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo losungiramo zinthu kuti achepetse zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa chosungira.
Mutu waukulu wa nkhaniyi ndi kudzipatula.Kusiyanitsa kumatanthauzidwa ngati "kulekana kwa zinthu malinga ndi kukula kwa tinthu".Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosiyanasiyana kwa ma aggregates kumafunikira magiredi achindunji komanso ofanana.Kusiyanitsa kumabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu yazinthu.
Kupatukana kumatha kuchitika kulikonse munjira yophatikizika yopangira zinthu zitaphwanyidwa, kufufuzidwa ndikuphatikizidwa kuti zikhale zoyenera.
Malo oyamba kumene kusankhana kungathe kuchitika ndi kuwerengera (onani Chithunzi 1).Zinthuzo zikangoikidwa m’ndandanda, zidzasinthidwanso n’kutumizidwa kumalo kumene zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Malo achiwiri omwe kupatukana kungathe kuchitika ndi panthawi yokonza ndi kuyendetsa.Kamodzi pa malo a asphalt kapena chomera cha konkire, chophatikizacho chimayikidwa mu hoppers ndi / kapena nkhokwe zosungiramo zomwe zimatengedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kupatukana kumachitikanso podzaza ndi kukhetsa ma silo ndi ma silo.Kusiyanitsa kungathenso kuchitika panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito kusakaniza komaliza kumsewu kapena pamtunda wina pambuyo pophatikizana ndi kusakaniza kwa asphalt kapena konkire.
Kuphatikizika kofanana ndikofunikira pakupanga phula kapena konkriti wapamwamba kwambiri.Kusinthasintha kwa kachulukidwe kagulu komwe kamatha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kupeza phula kapena konkire yovomerezeka.
Tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timalemera timakhala ndi malo okulirapo kuposa tinthu tating'ono tomwe timalemera.Izi zimabweretsa mavuto mukaphatikiza zophatikizika kukhala phula kapena konkriti.Ngati chiwongola dzanja pamagulu onsewo ndi okwera kwambiri, padzakhala kusowa kwa matope kapena phula ndipo kusakaniza kudzakhala kochuluka kwambiri.Ngati kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri tambirimbiri, padzakhala matope ochulukirapo kapena phula, ndipo kusakanikirana kwa osakaniza kudzakhala kowonda kwambiri.Misewu yomangidwa kuchokera kumagulu olekanitsidwa imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalongosoka ndipo pamapeto pake idzakhala ndi moyo wocheperako poyerekeza ndi misewu yomangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zolekanitsidwa bwino.
Zinthu zambiri zimayambitsa tsankho m'matangadza.Popeza kuti zinthu zambiri zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito malamba onyamula katundu, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe malamba amatengera kusanja zinthu.
Lambayo akamasuntha zinthu pamwamba pa lamba wonyamulira, lambayo amadumpha pang'ono pamene akugudubuzika pa kapuyo wosagwira ntchito.Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutsetsereka pang'ono kwa lamba pakati pa kapule aliyense wopanda pake.Kusunthaku kumapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikhazikike pansi pa mtanda wa zinthuzo.Kuphatikizika kwa njere zowawa kumawasunga pamwamba.
Zinthu zikangofika pa gudumu lotulutsa lamba wotumizira, zimasiyanitsidwa kale pang'ono ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zili pamwamba ndi zazing'ono pansi.Zinthuzi zikayamba kuyenda pamphepete mwa gudumu lotulutsa, tinthu tating'ono tating'ono (zakunja) timayenda mothamanga kwambiri kuposa tinthu tating'ono (zamkati).Kusiyanaku kwa liwiro kumapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisunthire kutali ndi chotengeracho musanagwere pamtengowo, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono timagwera pafupi ndi chotengeracho.
Komanso, n'zotheka kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono timamatira ku lamba wotumizira ndipo sitingathe kutulutsidwa mpaka lamba woyendetsa galimotoyo apitirize kutha pa gudumu lotulutsa.Izi zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tibwerere kutsogolo kwa muluwo.
Zinthu zikagwera pa mulu, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi mphamvu yakutsogolo kuposa tinthu tating'ono.Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zolimba zipitirire kutsika mosavuta kuposa zida zabwino.Chilichonse, chachikulu kapena chaching'ono, chomwe chimatsika m'mbali mwa mulu chimatchedwa spill.
Kutaya ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kulekana kwa katundu ndipo ziyenera kupewedwa ngati kuli kotheka.Pamene kutayika kumayamba kutsika potsetsereka, tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timakonda kugubuduza utali wonse wa malo otsetsereka, pomwe zinthu zabwino kwambiri zimakhazikika m'mbali mwa zofunkhazo.Chifukwa chake, pamene kutayako kumalowa m'mbali mwa muluwo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochepa timatsalira muzinthu zomwe zikuphulika.
Zinthu zikafika m'mphepete mwa pansi kapena zala za muluwo, zimapangidwa makamaka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.Kutaya kumayambitsa kusiyana kwakukulu, komwe kumawonekera mu gawo la masheya.Chala chakunja cha mulucho chimakhala ndi zinthu zokulirapo, pomwe mulu wamkati ndi wapamwamba umakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri.
Maonekedwe a particles amathandizanso ku zotsatirapo.Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosalala kapena tozungulira timatha kugubuduza motsetsereka kuposa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timakhala ndi masikweya mozungulira.Kupyola malire kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu.Pamene tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa mbali imodzi ya muluwo, timapakana.Kuvala uku kumapangitsa kuti tizidutswa tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tiwonongeke.
Mphepo ndi chifukwa china chodzipatula.Zinthu zikachoka pa lamba wonyamula katundu ndikuyamba kugwera mumtengowo, mphepo imakhudza njira yakuyenda kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana.Mphepo imakhudza kwambiri zinthu zosalimba.Izi zili choncho chifukwa chiŵerengero cha pamwamba ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono n'choposa cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Kuthekera kwa kugawanika muzinthu kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wazinthu zomwe zili munyumba yosungiramo zinthu.Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pokhudzana ndi tsankho ndi mlingo wa tinthu kukula kusintha zinthu.Zida ndi zazikulu tinthu kukula kusiyana adzakhala ndi apamwamba digiri ya tsankho pa yosungirako.Lamulo lalikulu la chala chachikulu ndikuti ngati chiŵerengero cha kukula kwakukulu kwa tinthu kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa 2: 1, pangakhale mavuto ndi tsankho la phukusi.Komano, ngati tinthu kukula chiŵerengero ndi zosakwana 2:1, buku tsankho ndi kochepa.
Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zomwe zili ndi tinthu tating'ono mpaka 200 mesh zitha kuchepetsedwa posungira.Komabe, posunga zinthu monga mwala wochapidwa, kutchinjiriza kumakhala kochepa.Popeza kuti mchenga wambiri ndi wonyowa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotheka kusunga mchengawo popanda kulekanitsa mavuto.Chinyezi chimapangitsa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kumamatirana, kuteteza kupatukana.
Pamene mankhwala asungidwa, kudzipatula nthawi zina sikutheka kupewa.Mphepete mwa kunja kwa mulu womalizidwa umapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino, pomwe mkati mwa muluwo muli zinthu zambiri zabwino.Mukatenga zinthu kuchokera kumapeto kwa milu yotereyi, ndikofunikira kutenga scoops kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana kuti musakanize zinthuzo.Ngati mutenga zinthu kuchokera kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa muluwo, mupeza zonse zolimba kapena zabwino zonse.
Palinso mwayi wowonjezera kutsekereza pokweza magalimoto.Ndikofunika kuti njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito isapangitse kusefukira.Kwezani kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo choyamba, kenako kumbuyo, kenako pakati.Izi zichepetsa zotsatira za kuchulukana mkati mwagalimoto.
Njira zogwirira ntchito pambuyo pa zinthu zomwe zasungidwa ndizothandiza, koma cholinga chake chiyenera kukhala kuletsa kapena kuchepetsa kukhala kwaokha panthawi yokonza zinthu.Njira zothandizira kupewa kudzipatula ndi monga:
Ikaikidwa m'galimoto, iyenera kuunikidwa bwino m'mitsuko yosiyana kuti isatayike.Zinthuzo ziyenera kuikidwa pamodzi pogwiritsa ntchito chojambulira, kukweza mpaka kutalika kwa chidebe ndi kutaya, zomwe zidzasakaniza zinthuzo.Ngati chojambulira chikuyenera kusuntha ndikuphwanya zinthu, musayese kupanga milu yayikulu.
Kupanga zinthu m'magulu kungachepetse kulekanitsa.Malo osungiramo katundu amtunduwu amatha kumangidwa ndi bulldozer.Ngati zinthuzo zaperekedwa pabwalo, bulldozer iyenera kukankhira zinthuzo kumalo otsetsereka.Ngati muluwo wamangidwa ndi lamba wonyamulira, bulldozer iyenera kukankhira zinthuzo kukhala wosanjikiza wopingasa.Mulimonsemo, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti musakankhire zinthuzo pamphepete mwa muluwo.Izi zingayambitse kusefukira, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zopatukana.
Kumanga ndi ma bulldozer kuli ndi zovuta zingapo.Zowopsa ziwiri zazikulu ndikuwonongeka kwazinthu ndi kuipitsidwa.Zipangizo zolemera zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosalekeza pazogulitsa zimaphatikizana ndikuphwanya zinthuzo.Pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi, opanga ayenera kusamala kuti asawononge kwambiri katunduyo pofuna kuthetsa mavuto olekanitsa.Ntchito yowonjezera ndi zida zomwe zimafunikira nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti njirayi ikhale yokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo opanga amayenera kupatukana panthawi yokonza.
Ma radial stacking conveyor amathandizira kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa kupatukana.Pamene kuwerengera kumachulukana, chotengeracho chimayenda mozungulira kumanzere ndi kumanja.Pamene chotengeracho chimayenda mozungulira, malekezero a milu, nthawi zambiri ndi zinthu zolimba, amakutidwa ndi zinthu zabwino.Zala zam'mbuyo ndi zam'mbuyo zidzakhalabe zovuta, koma muluwo udzakhala wosakanizika kwambiri kuposa mulu wa ma cones.
Pali mgwirizano wachindunji pakati pa kutalika ndi kugwa kwaulere kwa zinthu ndi mlingo wa tsankho lomwe limachitika.Pamene kutalika kumawonjezeka ndi njira ya zinthu zomwe zikugwa zikuchulukirachulukira, pamakhala kulekanitsa kowonjezereka kwa zinthu zabwino ndi zowawa.Choncho ma conveyor osinthasintha kutalika ndi njira ina yochepetsera tsankho.Pachiyambi choyamba, chotengeracho chiyenera kukhala chotsika kwambiri.Mtunda wopita kumutu wa pulley uyenera kukhala wamfupi momwe mungathere.
Kugwa kwaufulu kuchoka pa lamba wonyamulira pa mulu ndi chifukwa china chopatukana.Masitepe a miyala amachepetsa tsankho pochotsa zinthu zopanda kugwa.Masitepe amwala ndi mawonekedwe omwe amalola kuti zinthu ziziyenda pansi pamasitepe kupita ku milu.Ndizothandiza koma zimakhala ndi ntchito zochepa.
Kupatukana kochititsidwa ndi mphepo kungachepe pogwiritsira ntchito ma telescopic chutes.Ma chute a telescopic pamitolo yotulutsa chotengera, yochokera ku mtolo kupita ku mulu, imateteza ku mphepo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake.Ngati zidapangidwa bwino, zimathanso kuchepetsa kugwa kwaulere kwazinthu.
Monga tanenera kale, pa lamba wotumizira pali zotchingira kale zisanafike potulutsa.Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zikachoka pa lamba wotumizira, tsankho linanso limachitika.Magudumu opalasa amatha kukhazikitsidwa pamalo othamangitsira kuti akonzenso zinthu izi.Mawilo ozungulira amakhala ndi mapiko kapena zopalasa zomwe zimadutsa ndikusakaniza njira ya zinthuzo.Izi zidzachepetsa tsankho, koma kuwonongeka kwa zinthu sikungakhale kovomerezeka.
Kupatukana kungawononge ndalama zambiri.Zolemba zomwe sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira zitha kubweretsa zilango kapena kukanidwa kwazinthu zonse.Ngati zinthu zosagwirizana ndi zomwe zaperekedwa kumalo ogwirira ntchito, chindapusa chitha kupitirira $0.75 pa tani.Ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi zida zokonzanso milu yabwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo.Mtengo wa ola limodzi pomanga nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi bulldozer ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ndi wokwera kuposa mtengo wa chotengera cholumikizira chodziwikiratu, ndipo zinthu zitha kuwola kapena kuipitsidwa kuti zisanja bwino.Izi zimachepetsa mtengo wa mankhwala.Kuphatikiza apo, zida ngati bulldozer zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosapanga, pamakhala mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zidazo pomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
Njira ina ingatsatidwe kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa kwa kudzipatula popanga zowerengera pamapulogalamu omwe kudzipatula kungakhale vuto.Izi zikuphatikizapo stacking mu zigawo, pamene wosanjikiza aliyense amapangidwa ndi mndandanda wa stacks.
Mu gawo la stack, stack iliyonse ikuwonetsedwa ngati kakang'ono kakang'ono.Kugawanika kumachitikabe pa mulu uliwonse chifukwa cha zotsatira zomwezo zomwe takambirana kale.Komabe, njira yodzipatula nthawi zambiri imabwerezedwa pagawo lonse la mtanda wa muluwo.Miyandamiyanda yotereyi imanenedwa kuti ili ndi "kugawanika" kwakukulu chifukwa mawonekedwe a discrete gradient amabwereza nthawi zambiri pakapita kakang'ono.
Pokonza milu ndi chojambulira kutsogolo, palibe chifukwa chosakaniza zipangizo, monga scoop imodzi imaphatikizapo milu ingapo.Pamene muluwo wabwezeretsedwa, zigawozo zimawonekera bwino (onani Chithunzi 2).
Milu ingapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zosungira.Njira imodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mlatho ndi makina otumizira otulutsa, ngakhale njira iyi ndiyabwino pazongoyima zokha.Choyipa chachikulu cha makina oyendetsa osasunthika ndikuti kutalika kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokhazikika, zomwe zingayambitse kupatukana ndi mphepo monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
Njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cha telescopic.Ma conveyors a telescopic amapereka njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira milu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakondedwa kuposa makina oyima chifukwa amatha kusunthidwa pakafunika, ndipo ambiri amapangidwa kuti azinyamulidwa pamsewu.
Ma conveyor a telescopic amakhala ndi ma conveyor (oyang'anira ma conveyor) omwe amaikidwa mkati mwa ma conveyor akunja aatali omwewo.Wonyamula nsonga amatha kuyenda motsatira kutalika kwa chotengera chakunja kuti asinthe malo a pulley yotsitsa.Kutalika kwa gudumu lotulutsa ndi malo ozungulira a conveyor amasinthasintha.
Kusintha kwa triaxial kwa gudumu lotsitsa ndikofunikira kuti mupange milu yosanjikiza yomwe imagonjetsa tsankho.Makina opangira zingwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa ndi kubweza ma conveyors.Mayendedwe a radial a conveyor amatha kuchitidwa ndi unyolo ndi sprocket system kapena ndi hydraulically driven planetary drive.Kutalika kwa conveyor nthawi zambiri kumasinthidwa ndikukulitsa masilinda apansi a telescopic.Mayendedwe onsewa ayenera kuyendetsedwa kuti apange milu yamitundu yambiri.
Ma telescopic conveyors ali ndi njira yopangira ma multilayer stacks.Kuchepetsa kuya kwa gawo lililonse kumathandizira kuchepetsa kulekanitsa.Izi zimafuna kuti conveyor apitirize kuyenda pamene katundu akuwonjezeka.Kufunika koyenda kosalekeza kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kofunikira kupanga ma telescopic conveyors.Pali njira zingapo zodzipangira zokha, zina zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo koma zili ndi malire, pomwe zina ndizokhazikika ndipo zimapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu pakupanga zinthu.
Chotengeracho chikayamba kuunjikira zinthu, chimayenda mozungulira ponyamula zinthuzo.Chotengeracho chimasuntha mpaka kusintha kwa malire komwe kumayikidwa pa shaft ya conveyor kumayambika panjira yake yozungulira.Choyambitsacho chimayikidwa malinga ndi kutalika kwa arc yomwe woyendetsa akufuna kuti lamba wa conveyor asunthe.Panthawiyi, chotengeracho chidzafikira mtunda wokonzedweratu ndikuyamba kusunthira mbali ina.Izi zimapitilira mpaka cholumikizira cholumikizira chiwonjezeke mpaka kukulitsa kwake ndipo gawo loyamba limalizidwa.
Mulingo wachiwiri ukamangidwa, nsongayo imayamba kubweza kuchokera pakukulitsa kwake, kusuntha mozungulira ndikubwereranso pamalire a arcuate.Mangani zigawo mpaka chosinthira chopendekera chomwe chimayikidwa pa gudumu lothandizira chikuyendetsedwa ndi muluwo.
Woyendetsa amakwera mtunda wokhazikitsidwa ndikuyamba kukweza kwachiwiri.Chonyamulira chilichonse chingakhale ndi zigawo zingapo, kutengera kuthamanga kwa zinthuzo.Kukweza kwachiwiri kuli kofanana ndi koyamba, ndi zina zotero mpaka mulu wonse umangidwe.Gawo lalikulu la mulu wotulukapo limasiyanitsidwa, koma pamphepete mwa mulu uliwonse pali kusefukira.Izi zili choncho chifukwa malamba onyamula katundu sangasinthire zokha malo osinthira malire kapena zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwayambitsa.Kusintha kwa retract limit switch kuyenera kusinthidwa kuti kupitilirapo kusakwirire shaft yolumikizira.