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Chelsea Wold ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira pawokha wokhala ku The Hague, Netherlands komanso mlembi wa Daydream: An Urgent Global Quest to Change Toilets.
Makina apadera azimbudzi amachotsa nayitrogeni ndi michere ina mumkodzo kuti agwiritse ntchito ngati feteleza ndi zinthu zina.Ngongole yazithunzi: MAK/Georg Mayer/EOOS NEXT
Gotland, chilumba chachikulu kwambiri ku Sweden, chili ndi madzi abwino ochepa.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, anthu akulimbana ndi kuipitsidwa koopsa kwa ulimi ndi zimbudzi zomwe zikuyambitsa maluwa owopsa a ndere kuzungulira nyanja ya Baltic.Amatha kupha nsomba ndi kudwalitsa anthu.
Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana a chilengedwechi, chilumbachi chikuika chiyembekezo pa chinthu chimodzi chosakayikitsa chomwe chimawamanga: mkodzo wa munthu.
Kuyambira mu 2021, gulu lofufuza lidayamba kugwira ntchito ndi kampani yakumaloko yomwe imabwereketsa zimbudzi zonyamula katundu.Cholinga chake ndikutenga malita opitilira 70,000 a mkodzo pazaka zitatu m'makodzo opanda madzi ndi zimbudzi zopatulira m'malo angapo nthawi yachilimwe ya alendo.Gululi lidachokera ku Sweden University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) ku Uppsala, yomwe yatulutsa kampani yotchedwa Sanitation360.Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ochita kafukufuku adapanga, adawumitsa mkodzowo kukhala zidutswa zonga konkriti, zomwe adazipera kukhala ufa ndikuziyika muzomera za feteleza zomwe zimakwanira zida zaulimi.Alimi am'deralo amagwiritsa ntchito fetelezayu polima balere, yemwe amatumizidwa ku malo opangira moŵa kuti apange ale omwe amatha kubwereranso kumunda akatha kudya.
Prithvi Simha, katswiri wamankhwala ku SLU ndi CTO wa Sanitation360, adati cholinga cha ochita kafukufukuwo ndi "kupitirira lingaliro ndikugwiritsa ntchito" kugwiritsa ntchito mkodzo pamlingo waukulu.Cholinga chake ndikupereka chitsanzo chomwe chingatsanzire padziko lonse lapansi."Cholinga chathu ndi chakuti aliyense, kulikonse, achite izi."
Poyesera ku Gotland, balere wothira mkodzo (kumanja) anafanizidwa ndi zomera zopanda feteleza (pakati) ndi feteleza zamchere (kumanzere).Chithunzi chojambula: Jenna Senecal.
Pulojekiti ya Gotland ndi gawo la ntchito yofanana yapadziko lonse yolekanitsa mkodzo ndi madzi ena oipa ndikuubwezeretsanso kukhala zinthu monga fetereza.Mchitidwewu, womwe umadziwika kuti kusokoneza mkodzo, ukuphunziridwa ndi magulu ku United States, Australia, Switzerland, Ethiopia, ndi South Africa, ndi ena.Zoyesayesa izi zimapitilira ma laboratories aku yunivesite.Mikodzo yopanda madzi imalumikizidwa ndi makina otayira pansi pamaofesi ku Oregon ndi Netherlands.Paris ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa zimbudzi zopatutsira mkodzo m'malo okhala anthu 1,000 omwe akumangidwa mdera la 14 la mzindawu.European Space Agency iyika zimbudzi 80 ku likulu lawo ku Paris, zomwe ziyamba kugwira ntchito kumapeto kwa chaka chino.Othandizira kusokoneza mikodzo akuti atha kupeza ntchito m'malo kuyambira kumalo osakhalitsa ankhondo kupita kumisasa ya anthu othawa kwawo, m'matauni olemera komanso m'malo osakayika ambiri.
Asayansi amati kusokoneza mkodzo, ngati kuchitidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kungabweretse phindu lalikulu ku chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu.Izi zili choncho chifukwa mkodzo uli ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe siziipitsa madzi ndipo zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala mbewu kapena kupanga mafakitale.Simha akuyerekeza kuti anthu amatulutsa mkodzo wokwanira kuti ulowe m’malo mwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi phosphate amene alipo panopa padziko lapansi;lilinso ndi potaziyamu ndi zinthu zambiri zofufuza (onani "Constituents mu mkodzo").Koposa zonse, posatulutsa mkodzo mu ngalande, mumasunga madzi ambiri ndikuchepetsa kukalamba komanso kulemedwa ndi zimbudzi.
Malinga ndi akatswiri a ntchitoyi, zida zambiri zosokoneza mkodzo zitha kupezeka ponseponse chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa zimbudzi ndi njira zochotsera mkodzo.Koma palinso zopinga zazikulu za kusintha kwakukulu m’mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri ya moyo.Ofufuza ndi makampani akuyenera kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri, kuyambira kukonza kamangidwe ka zimbudzi zopatutsira mkodzo mpaka kupanga mkodzo kukhala wosavuta kukonza ndikusintha kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali.Izi zingaphatikizepo makina ochizira mankhwala olumikizidwa ku zimbudzi za munthu payekha kapena zida zapansi zomwe zimathandizira nyumba yonseyo ndikupereka chithandizo chokonzanso ndi kukonza zinthu zomwe zakhazikika kapena zowumitsidwa (onani "Kuchokera ku Mkodzo kupita ku Chogulitsa").Kuonjezera apo, pali nkhani zambiri zokhudza kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kuvomerezedwa, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana yokhudzana ndi zinyalala za anthu komanso mikangano yozama kwambiri yokhudza madzi onyansa a mafakitale ndi zakudya.
Pamene anthu akulimbana ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu, madzi, ndi zipangizo zaulimi ndi mafakitale, kusintha mikodzo ndi kuigwiritsanso ntchito ndi “vuto lalikulu la mmene timaperekera ukhondo,” anatero katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo Lynn Broaddus, yemwe ndi katswiri woona za kasamalidwe ka mkodzo ku Minneapolis.."Mtundu womwe udzakhala wofunikira kwambiri.Minnesota, anali Purezidenti wakale wa Aquatic Federation of Alexandria, Va., Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa akatswiri odziwa zamadzi.Ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali.
Kalekale, mkodzo unali chinthu chamtengo wapatali.M’mbuyomo, anthu ena ankaugwiritsa ntchito pothirira mbewu, kupanga zikopa, kuchapa zovala, ndiponso kupanga zifuti.Kenaka, chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800 ndi kuchiyambi kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, njira yamakono yoyendetsera madzi otayira pakati inayambika ku Great Britain ndipo inafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, n’kufika pachimake pa chimene chimatchedwa khungu la mkodzo.
M'chitsanzo ichi, zimbudzi zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi kukhetsa mkodzo, ndowe, ndi mapepala akuchimbudzi kukhetsa, kusakaniza ndi madzi ena ochokera m'nyumba, m'mafakitale, komanso nthawi zina zamphepo yamkuntho.M'malo opangira madzi oyipa apakati, njira zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tichotse madzi oyipa.
Malingana ndi malamulo a m'deralo ndi momwe zimakhalira zopangira mankhwala, madzi otayira omwe amachotsedwa mu njirayi angakhalebe ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi zakudya zina, komanso zowononga zina.57% yaanthu padziko lonse lapansi alibe kulumikizidwa konse ndi zimbudzi zapakati (onani “zonyansa za anthu”).
Asayansi akuyesetsa kuti machitidwe apakati azikhala okhazikika komanso osadetsa pang'ono, koma kuyambira ku Sweden m'ma 1990, ofufuza ena akufunafuna kusintha kwakukulu.Kupita patsogolo kumapeto kwa payipi ndi "chisinthiko chinanso cha chinthu chomwecho," atero a Nancy Love, mainjiniya a zachilengedwe ku yunivesite ya Michigan ku Ann Arbor.Kupatutsa mkodzo kudzakhala "kusintha," akutero.M’phunziro loyamba, lomwe linayerekezera kasamalidwe ka madzi oipa m’maboma atatu a ku United States, iye ndi anzake anayerekezera njira zoyeretsera madzi oipa ndi zongopeka zopatutsa mkodzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopezeka m’malo mwa feteleza wopangira.Iwo akuyerekeza kuti madera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mkodzo amatha kuchepetsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndi 47%, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 41%, kumwa madzi abwino ndi theka, ndi kuwonongeka kwa michere ndi 64%.luso ntchito.
Komabe, lingaliroli limakhalabe labwino komanso lokhazikika kumadera odziyimira pawokha monga midzi yaku Scandinavia eco-villages, zomanga zakumidzi, komanso chitukuko m'malo opeza ndalama zochepa.
Tove Larsen, katswiri wamankhwala ku Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) ku Dübendorf, akuti zambiri zomwe zatsalira zimayamba chifukwa cha zimbudzi zomwe.Poyamba kugulitsidwa pamsika m'zaka za m'ma 1990 ndi 2000, zimbudzi zambiri zopatutsa mkodzo zimakhala ndi beseni laling'ono patsogolo pawo kuti litenge madzimadzi, malo omwe amafunikira kulunjika mosamala.Mapangidwe ena amaphatikizapo malamba oyendetsa phazi omwe amalola mkodzo kukhetsa pamene manyowa amatumizidwa ku kompositi bin, kapena masensa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve kulondolera mkodzo kumalo ena.
Chimbudzi chachitsanzo chomwe chimalekanitsa mkodzo ndikuwumitsa kukhala ufa chikuyesedwa ku likulu la kampani ya Sweden Water and Sewer Company VA SYD ku Malmö.Ngongole ya Zithunzi: EOOS NEXT
Koma m'mapulojekiti oyesera ndi ziwonetsero ku Europe, anthu sanavomereze kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo, Larsen adati, akudandaula kuti ndiambiri, onunkhira komanso osadalirika."Tidakhumudwa kwambiri ndi nkhani ya zimbudzi."
Nkhawa izi zidasokoneza kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zimbudzi zopatutsira mkodzo, pulojekiti yomwe idachitika mumzinda wa South Africa wa Ethekwini mzaka za m'ma 2000.Anthony Odili, yemwe amaphunzira za kasamalidwe ka zaumoyo pa yunivesite ya KwaZulu-Natal mumzinda wa Durban, adati kukulitsa kwadzidzidzi kwa malire a mzindawo pambuyo pa tsankho kwapangitsa kuti akuluakulu a boma atenge madera akumidzi osauka opanda zimbudzi ndi madzi.
Mliri wa kolera utatha mu August 2000, akuluakulu aboma anatumiza mwamsanga zimbudzi zingapo zomwe zinkakumana ndi mavuto a zachuma, kuphatikizapo zimbudzi 80,000 zochotsa mikodzo, zomwe zambiri zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano.Mkodzo umatsikira m'nthaka kuchokera pansi pa chimbudzi, ndipo ndowe zimathera m'malo osungiramo zinthu zomwe mzindawu wakhuthula zaka zisanu zilizonse kuyambira 2016.
Odili adati ntchitoyi yakhazikitsa malo abwino ochitira ukhondo m’derali.Komabe, kafukufuku wa sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu wapeza mavuto ambiri ndi pulogalamuyi.Ngakhale amaganiza kuti zimbudzi ndizabwino kuposa kalikonse, maphunziro, kuphatikiza maphunziro ena omwe adachita nawo, pambuyo pake adawonetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri samawakonda, adatero Odili.Zambiri mwa izo zimamangidwa ndi zida zabwino kwambiri ndipo ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.Ngakhale kuti zimbudzi zotere zimayenera kupewa kununkhiza, mkodzo wa ku zimbudzi za ku eThekwini nthawi zambiri umakhala mosungira ndowe, zomwe zimapangitsa fungo loipa.Malinga ndi Odili, anthu “amalephera kupuma bwinobwino.”Komanso, mkodzo sagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pamapeto pake, malinga ndi Odili, ganizo lokhazikitsa zimbudzi zowuma zopatutsa mkodzo linali lapamwamba ndipo silinaganizire zomwe anthu amakonda, makamaka pazifukwa zaumoyo.Kafukufuku wa 2017 wa 2017 adapeza kuti oposa 95% mwa anthu omwe adafunsidwa ku eThekwini akufuna kupeza zimbudzi zoyenera, zopanda fungo zomwe anthu olemera a mzindawo akugwiritsa ntchito azungu, ndipo ambiri akukonzekera kuzikhazikitsa ngati zinthu zilola.Ku South Africa, zimbudzi zakhala chizindikiro cha kusiyana mafuko.
Komabe, mapangidwe atsopanowa atha kukhala opambana pakusokoneza mkodzo.Mu 2017, motsogozedwa ndi mlengi Harald Grundl, mogwirizana ndi Larsen ndi ena, Austrian design firm EOOS (spun off from EOOS Next) anatulutsa mkodzo msampha.Izi zimachotsa kufunikira kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kusokoneza mkodzo kumakhala kosawoneka (onani "Chimbudzi Chatsopano").
Amagwiritsa ntchito chizolowezi cha madzi kumamatira pamalo (otchedwa ketulo effect chifukwa imakhala ngati ketulo yowonongeka) kuwongolera mkodzo kuchokera kutsogolo kwa chimbudzi kupita ku dzenje lina (onani "Momwe Mungabwezeretsenso Mkodzo"). Wopangidwa ndi ndalama kuchokera ku Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ku Seattle, Washington, yomwe yathandizira kafukufuku wambiri pakupanga zatsopano zachimbudzi zokhala ndi ndalama zochepa, Msampha wa Urine ukhoza kuphatikizidwa mu chilichonse kuyambira pamiyala yapamwamba kwambiri ya ceramic kupita ku squat yapulasitiki. pansi. Wopangidwa ndi ndalama kuchokera ku Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ku Seattle, Washington, yomwe yathandizira kafukufuku wambiri pakupanga zatsopano zachimbudzi zokhala ndi ndalama zochepa, Msampha wa Urine ukhoza kuphatikizidwa mu chilichonse kuyambira pamiyala yapamwamba kwambiri ya ceramic kupita ku squat yapulasitiki. pansi. Kupangidwa ndi ndalama kuchokera ku Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ku Seattle, Washington, yomwe yathandizira kafukufuku wambiri wopeza ndalama zochepa za chimbudzi, msampha wa mkodzo ukhoza kumangidwa mu chirichonse kuchokera ku zitsanzo zokhala ndi zitsulo za ceramic kupita ku squats zapulasitiki.miphika. Wopangidwa ndi ndalama kuchokera ku Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ku Seattle, Washington, yomwe imathandizira kafukufuku wambiri pazatsopano zachimbudzi zopeza ndalama zochepa, wosonkhanitsa mkodzo akhoza kumangidwa mu chirichonse kuchokera ku zitsanzo za ceramic-based high-end-based-plastic squat trays.Wopanga ku Swiss LAUFEN akutulutsa kale chinthu chotchedwa "Sungani!"kwa msika waku Europe, ngakhale mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri kwa ogula ambiri.
A University of KwaZulu-Natal ndi eThekwini City Council akuyesanso mitundu ya zimbudzi zotsekera mkodzo zomwe zimatha kupatutsa mkodzo ndikuchotsa zinthu zina.Panthawiyi, phunziroli likuyang'ana kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito.Odie akukhulupirira kuti anthu angakonde zimbudzi zatsopano zopatsira mkodzo chifukwa zimanunkhiza bwino komanso ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma akuti amuna ayenera kukhala pansi kuti akodza, zomwe ndikusintha kwakukulu kwachikhalidwe.Koma ngati zimbudzi "zivomerezedwanso ndikutengedwa ndi anthu opeza ndalama zambiri - ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana - zithandizira kufalikira," adatero."Nthawi zonse tiyenera kukhala ndi lens yaufuko," adawonjezeranso, kuwonetsetsa kuti sapanga chinthu chomwe chimawonedwa ngati "chakuda chokha" kapena "chosauka chokha."
Kulekanitsa mkodzo ndi sitepe yoyamba yokha pakusintha ukhondo.Gawo lotsatira likufuna kuchitapo kanthu.M’madera akumidzi, anthu akhoza kuusunga m’mitsuko kuti aphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda alionse ndiyeno nkuupaka m’minda.Bungwe la World Health Organization limapereka malingaliro pa izi.
Koma malo akumidzi ndi ovuta kwambiri - apa ndi pamene mkodzo wambiri umapangidwa.Sizingakhale zothandiza kumanga ngalande zingapo zosiyana mu mzinda wonse kuti zipereke mikodzo kumalo apakati.Ndipo popeza mkodzo uli pafupifupi 95 peresenti ya madzi, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kusunga ndi kunyamula.Choncho, ochita kafukufuku akuyang'ana kwambiri kuumitsa, kuika maganizo, kapena kuchotsa zakudya kuchokera mkodzo pamtunda wa chimbudzi kapena nyumba, kusiya madzi.
Sizikhala zophweka, adatero Larson.Kuchokera ku lingaliro la uinjiniya, "piss ndi njira yoyipa," adatero.Kuwonjezera pa madzi, ambiri ndi urea, chigawo chokhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri chimene thupi limatulutsa monga chotulukapo cha kagayidwe ka mapuloteni.Urea ndiwothandiza pawokha: mtundu wopangira ndi feteleza wamba wa nayitrogeni (onani Zofunikira za Nayitrojeni).Koma ndizovuta: zikaphatikizidwa ndi madzi, urea imasandulika ammonia, yomwe imapangitsa mkodzo kukhala fungo lake.Ngati sichiyatsidwa, ammonia imatha kununkhiza, kuipitsa mpweya, ndikuchotsa nayitrogeni wamtengo wapatali.Mothandizidwa ndi ubiquitous enzyme urease, izi, zomwe zimatchedwa urea hydrolysis, zimatha kutenga ma microseconds angapo, kupanga urease kukhala imodzi mwama enzymes omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Njira zina zimalola kuti hydrolysis ipitirire.Ofufuza a Eawag apanga njira yotsogola yomwe imatembenuza mkodzo wa hydrolyzed kukhala yankho lokhazikika lazakudya.Choyamba, mu Aquarium, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasintha ammonia osasunthika kukhala ammonium nitrate, feteleza wamba.The distiller ndiye amaika madzi.Wothandizira wina wotchedwa Vuna, yemwenso ali ku Dübendorf, akugwira ntchito yogulitsa dongosolo la nyumba ndi chinthu chotchedwa Aurin, chomwe chavomerezedwa ku Switzerland kwa zomera za chakudya kwa nthawi yoyamba padziko lapansi.
Ena amayesa kuyimitsa kachitidwe ka hydrolysis mwa kukweza kapena kutsitsa pH ya mkodzo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yosalowererapo.Pa kampasi ya University of Michigan, Love akugwirizana ndi bungwe lopanda phindu la Earth Abundance Institute ku Brattleboro, Vermont, kuti apange dongosolo la nyumba zomwe zimachotsa madzi a citric acid ku zimbudzi zopatuka ndi zimbudzi zopanda madzi.Madzi amatuluka m'mikodzo.Kenako mkodzowo umawunjikitsidwa ndi kuzizira mobwerezabwereza ndi kusungunuka5.
Gulu la SLU lotsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa zachilengedwe Bjorn Winneros pachilumba cha Gotland adapanga njira yowumitsa mkodzo kukhala urea wolimba wosakanikirana ndi zakudya zina.Gululo limawunika mawonekedwe awo aposachedwa, chimbudzi chokhazikika chokhala ndi chowumitsira chomangira, ku likulu la kampani yamadzi yaku Sweden yamadzi ndi zimbudzi VA SYD ku Malmö.
Njira zina zimatsata zakudya zomwe zili mumkodzo.Atha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta m'magawo operekera feteleza ndi mankhwala am'mafakitale, akutero katswiri wamakina William Tarpeh, mnzake wakale wa udokotala ku Love's yemwe tsopano ali ku Stanford University ku California.
Njira yodziwika bwino yobwezeretsera phosphorous kuchokera ku mkodzo wa hydrolyzed ndikuwonjezera kwa magnesium, komwe kumayambitsa mvula ya feteleza yotchedwa struvite.Tarpeh akuyesa ma granules a adsorbent material omwe amatha kuchotsa nayitrogeni ngati ammonia6 kapena phosphorous ngati phosphate.Dongosolo lake limagwiritsa ntchito madzi osiyanasiyana otchedwa regenerant omwe amadutsa mu mabuloni akatha.Wotsitsimutsa amatenga zakudya ndikukonzanso mipira yozungulira.Iyi ndi njira yotsika kwambiri, yokhazikika, koma zosinthika zamalonda ndizoyipa kwa chilengedwe.Tsopano gulu lake likuyesera kupanga zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso zachilengedwe (onani "Pollution of the Future").
Ofufuza ena akupanga njira zopangira magetsi poika mkodzo m’maselo amafuta amphamvu.Ku Cape Town, South Africa, gulu lina lapanga njira yopangira njerwa zomangira zosazolowereka mwa kusakaniza mikodzo, mchenga ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapanga urease kukhala nkhungu.Iwo calcify mu mawonekedwe aliwonse popanda kuwombera.European Space Agency ikuwona mkodzo wa oyenda mumlengalenga ngati chida chomangira nyumba pamwezi.
"Ndikaganizira za tsogolo lalikulu la kukonzanso mkodzo ndi kubwezeretsanso madzi onyansa, timafuna kuti titha kupanga zinthu zambiri momwe tingathere," adatero Tarpeh.
Pamene ofufuza amatsata malingaliro osiyanasiyana opangira mkodzo, amadziwa kuti ndi nkhondo yokwera, makamaka pamakampani okhazikika.Makampani opanga feteleza ndi zakudya, alimi, opanga zimbudzi ndi owongolera akhala akuchedwa kusintha machitidwe awo."Pali zovuta zambiri kuno," adatero Simcha.
Mwachitsanzo, ku yunivesite ya California, Berkeley, kufufuza ndi maphunziro a LAUFEN sungani!Izi zikuphatikizapo kuwononga ndalama kwa omanga, kumanga ndi kutsata malamulo a municipalities - ndipo izi sizinachitikebe, adatero Kevin Ona, katswiri wa zachilengedwe yemwe tsopano akugwira ntchito ku yunivesite ya West Virginia ku Morgantown.Iye adati kusowa kwa ma code ndi malamulo omwe adalipo kudabweretsa mavuto kwa kasamalidwe ka malowa, ndiye adalowa gulu lomwe likupanga ma code atsopano.
Mbali ina ya inertia ikhoza kukhala chifukwa choopa kukana kwa ogula, koma kafukufuku wa 2021 wa anthu m'mayiko 167 adapeza kuti m'madera monga France, China ndi Uganda, kufunitsitsa kudya zakudya zolimbitsa mkodzo kunali pafupi ndi 80% (onani Will people eat izi?').
Pam Elardo, yemwe amatsogolera bungwe la Wastewater Administration ngati wachiwiri kwa woyang'anira bungwe la New York City Environmental Protection Agency, adati amathandizira zatsopano monga kusokoneza mkodzo chifukwa zolinga zazikulu za kampani yake ndikuchepetsa kuwononga komanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu.Akuyembekeza kuti ku mzinda ngati New York, njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo yopatutsira mkodzo idzakhala makina osagwiritsa ntchito gridi kapena nyumba zatsopano, zophatikizidwa ndi kukonza ndi kusonkhanitsa.Ngati opanga atha kuthetsa vuto, "ayenera kugwira ntchito," adatero.
Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kumeneku, a Larsen akuneneratu kuti kupanga kochuluka ndi makina opanga mkodzo sangakhale kutali.Izi zipangitsa kuti bizinesi ikhale yabwino pakusintha kwa zinyalala.Kusokoneza mkodzo "ndi njira yoyenera," adatero.“Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yaukadaulo yomwe ingathetsere vuto la kudya kunyumba munthawi yokwanira.Koma anthu ayenera kusankha zochita.”
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