Kusamalira injini ndikofunikira kuti muwonjezere moyo wa chotengera chanu.Ndipotu, kusankha koyambirira kwa injini yoyenera kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu mu pulogalamu yokonza.
Pomvetsetsa zofunikira zama torque a mota ndikusankha mawonekedwe olondola amakina, munthu amatha kusankha mota yomwe imatha zaka zambiri kupitilira chitsimikizo ndikukonza pang'ono.
Ntchito yayikulu yagalimoto yamagetsi ndikupanga torque, zomwe zimatengera mphamvu ndi liwiro.Bungwe la National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) lapanga miyezo ya kamangidwe kamene kamatanthawuza kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kwa ma mota.Maguluwa amadziwika kuti ma curve a NEMA ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala amitundu inayi: A, B, C, ndi D.
Mzere uliwonse umatanthawuza torque yofunikira poyambira, kufulumizitsa komanso kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wosiyanasiyana.Ma motors a NEMA Design B amatengedwa ngati ma mota wamba.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana pomwe choyambira chimakhala chotsika pang'ono, pomwe torque yayikulu sikufunika, komanso pomwe ma mota safunikira kuthandizira katundu wolemetsa.
Ngakhale NEMA Design B imakhudza pafupifupi 70% ya ma mota onse, mapangidwe ena a torque nthawi zina amafunikira.
Mapangidwe a NEMA A ndi ofanana ndi kapangidwe ka B koma ali ndi poyambira komanso torque yapamwamba.Ma motors a Design A ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) chifukwa champhamvu yoyambira yomwe imachitika injini ikathamanga pafupi ndi katundu, ndipo kuyambika kwapamwamba poyambira sikukhudza magwiridwe antchito.
Ma motors a NEMA Design C ndi D amatengedwa ngati ma torque apamwamba kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati torque yochulukirapo ikufunika koyambirira kuti ayambitse katundu wolemera kwambiri.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mapangidwe a NEMA C ndi D ndi kuchuluka kwa liwiro lakumapeto kwa injini.Kuthamanga kwagalimoto kumakhudza mwachindunji liwiro la mota pakudzaza kwathunthu.Magalimoto anayi, osasunthika amatha kuthamanga pa 1800 rpm.Galimoto yomweyi yokhala ndi slip yowonjezereka idzathamanga pa 1725 rpm, pamene galimoto yotsika pang'ono idzathamanga pa 1780 rpm.
Opanga ambiri amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yama mota omwe amapangidwira ma curve osiyanasiyana a NEMA.
Kuchuluka kwa torque komwe kumapezeka pama liwiro osiyanasiyana poyambira ndikofunikira chifukwa cha zosowa za pulogalamuyo.
Ma conveyors ndi ma torque osasinthasintha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti torque yawo yofunikira imakhalabe nthawi zonse ikangoyamba.Komabe, ma conveyors amafunikira torque yowonjezerapo kuti awonetsetse kuti ma torque akugwira ntchito nthawi zonse.Zipangizo zina, monga ma frequency frequency drives ndi ma hydraulic clutches, zitha kugwiritsa ntchito torque yosweka ngati lamba wotumizira akufunika torque yochulukirapo kuposa momwe injini ingaperekere isanayambe.
Chimodzi mwa zochitika zomwe zingasokoneze chiyambi cha katundu ndi otsika voteji.Ngati magetsi olowetsamo akutsika, torque yopangidwa imatsika kwambiri.
Poganizira ngati torque yamoto ndiyokwanira kuyambitsa katundu, magetsi oyambira ayenera kuganiziridwa.Ubale pakati pa magetsi ndi torque ndi ntchito ya quadratic.Mwachitsanzo, ngati magetsi atsika mpaka 85% panthawi yoyambira, injiniyo idzatulutsa pafupifupi 72% ya torque pamagetsi onse.Ndikofunikira kuwunika torque yoyambira ya injini pokhudzana ndi katundu pamikhalidwe yoyipa kwambiri.
Pakalipano, chinthu chogwiritsira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu amene injini imatha kupirira mkati mwa kutentha popanda kutenthedwa.Zitha kuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa mautumikiwa, kumakhala bwinoko, koma sizili choncho nthawi zonse.
Kugula injini yokulirapo pamene sikutha kuchita bwino kwambiri kumatha kuwononga ndalama komanso malo.Moyenera, injini iyenera kuyenda mosalekeza pakati pa 80% ndi 85% ya mphamvu zovotera kuti ziwonjezeke bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, ma motors nthawi zambiri amakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri pakudzaza kwathunthu pakati pa 75% ndi 100%.Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu, pulogalamuyo iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pakati pa 80% ndi 85% ya mphamvu ya injini yomwe yalembedwa pa dzina la dzina.