Nthaka ya Rocky Ridge mu Central Antarctica sanakhalepo ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, asayansi adazindikira kuti palibe moyo m'nthaka padziko lapansi. Nthaka imachokera ku Windswpt, miyala yamiyala yamkatikatikatikati mkatikati mwa Antarctica, mpaka mailosi 300 kuchokera ku South Pole, pomwe masauzande mazana a mapiri amalowa mapiri.
"Anthu nthawi zonse amaganiza kuti ma virus anali olimba ndipo atha kukhala kwina konse," akutero wamoto wowombera ku Ecorri, womwe ndi ukwati wa ku University of Coorado Medier. Kupatula apo, zinthu zosakwatiwa zimapezeka mu hydrothermal mikono ndi kutentha kwambiri madigiri 200 calernal. Koma patatha chaka chogwira ntchito, Ferrer ndi wophunzira wake wophunzira Nicholas chidole sichidapezeke ngati zizindikiro za moyo wa antarctic.
Moto ndi zowotchera dothi lophunziridwa ku mapiri 11 osiyanasiyana, kuyimira zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zomwe zimabwera kuchokera kumadera otsika komanso ochepera mapiri okhala ndi mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Koma m'mapiri ena a mapiri awiri apamwamba kwambiri, owuma kwambiri ndi ozizira kwambiri omwe palibe zizindikiro za moyo.
"Sitinganene kuti ndibala," aliyense wa ku Ferrer anati. Akatswiri ochita zamatsenga amazolowera kupeza mamiliyoni a maselo mu dothi. Chifukwa chake, ochepa kwambiri (mwachitsanzo ma cell otchuka) amatha kuthawa. Koma monga momwe tikudziwira, alibe microorganisms. "
Kaya dothi linalibe moyo kapena pambuyo pake ma cell, omwe apeza posachedwapa, zomwe zapezeka posachedwapa. Nthaka ya Antarctic imazizira kwambiri, yodzaza ndi mchere wambiri, ndipo alibe madzi ambiri amadzimadzi kwa zaka mamiliyoni awiri - ofanana ndi nthaka ya Martian.
Anasonkhanitsidwa panthawi ya sayansi yazakudya zadziko lonse mu Januwale 2018 kupita kumadera akutali a mapiri aku Treatarctic. Amadutsa mkati mwa dziko la kontinenti, nalekanitsa polau kum'mawa kuchokera ku chiyero chotsika kwambiri kumadzulo. Asayansi adakhazikitsa msasa pa shackleton glackleton glactor, lamba wamamita 60 omwe amayenda pang'onopang'ono pamapiri. Anagwiritsa ntchito ma helikopita kuti awuluke mpaka pamtunda wambiri ndikusonkhanitsa zitsanzo ndikutsika.
Mu mapiri ofunda, onyowa kumapeto kwa chisanu, mikono ingapo yotsika mtengo, adazindikira kuti nthaka idakhala yocheperako kuposa mbewu ya sesame, zozungulira miyendo ndi mphutsi zazing'ono. wotchedwa Springtails. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ma dothi osavala, amchenga, amchenga amakhala osakwana chikwi chikwi chochuluka cha mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'malitsidwe abwino, zokwanira kupereka chakudya kwa ma herbavores ang'ono akugona pansi pa nthaka.
Koma zamoyozi zimasowa pang'onopang'ono pamene gulu lija lidayendera mapiri akuya kwambiri. Pamwamba pa chipata cha chipata, adapita kumapiri awiri - Phiri la Schroeder ndi Phiri la Roberts - lomwe limadutsa mikono 7,000.
Alendo ku Schroeder Phiri la Schroeder anali wankhanza, akukumbukira Byron adams, gombe la sayansi ku Brigham wachinyamata wa ku Malangizo ku Malawi, uyah, yemwe adatsogolera. Kutentha kwamasiku ano kuli pafupi ndi 0 ° F. Mphepo yamkuntho inayamba kuwononga madzi oundana ndi chipale chofewa. Dzikoli lakutidwa m'miyala yamoto yofiyira yomwe yasandulika kupitirira zaka mazana ambiri a miyala ndi mvula, kuwasiya iwo adatsitsidwa ndi kupukusa.
Asayansi atakweza mwalawo, adazindikira kuti maziko ake adakutidwa ndi miseche yoyera yamchere - malo opondereza a perchlorate, chrote, ndi nitrate. Perchlotess ndi chlotes, mchere wopanda mafuta womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu rocket mafuta ndi bulichi, amapezekanso padziko lonse lapansi. Popanda madzi ochacha, mchere umadziunjikira pamapiri owuma a Antarctic awa.
"Zili ngati Sepling pa Mars," adams adatero. Mukamamatira fosholo mkati, "Mukudziwa kuti ndinu chinthu choyamba kusokoneza dothi muyaya - mwina mamiliyoni a zaka."
Ofufuzawo ananena kuti ngakhale pamtunda wapamwamba komanso munthawi yolimba, amapezabe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'nthaka. Koma zoyembekezerazi zinayamba kuzimiririka kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018, chinjoka chikagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa polymease (pcr) kuti mudziwe microbial DNA ku dothi. Chinjoka chinayesa zitsanzo 204 kuchokera kumapiri pamwambapa ndi pansi pa chipata cha glacier. Zitsanzo zochokera kumapiri otsika, ozizira ozizira zidapereka DNA yambiri; Koma zitsanzo zambiri (20%) kuchokera pa madera okwera, kuphatikizapo ambiri kuchokera kuphiri la Schroeder ndi Roberts Missif, omwe akuyesedwa chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zochepa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti anali ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kapena mwina.
"Atayamba kundionetsa zotsatira zina, 'Verrell anati. Amaganiza kuti payenera kukhala cholakwika ndi chitsanzo kapena zida zabulu.
Pamenepo chinjoka chidachitika kuti chiyeso chowonjezera kufunafuna moyo. Anasamalira dothi lokhala ndi shuga kuti awone ngati zolengedwa zina m'nthaka zinasintha kupita ku kaboni dayokisayi. Amafuna kufufuza mankhwala otchedwa Atp, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi moyo wonse padziko lapansi kuti asule mphamvu. Kwa miyezi ingapo, adalima dothi m'malo osakanikirara, kuyesera kutsimikizira ma microorganis omwe alipo kuti akumere m'makoni.
"Nick adaponyakhitchini kukhichiramo pa zitsanzo izi," Ferrell adati. Ngakhale mayeserowa, sanapezenso kanthu m'nthaka. "Ndizodabwitsa kwambiri."
Mbuda zaku Jacquelline, zamankhwala azamulungu ku yunivesite ya Guefal ku Canada, amaitanitsa zotsatirapo za chinjoka, "makamaka zoyesayesa za chinjoka kuti adziwe zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi wopeza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Anapeza kuti miyendo yayitali komanso yokhazikika kwambiri inali yolosera zamphamvu kwambiri kuti zindikira moyo. Goodynaa adabvundzate. Izi zikutiuza za malire a moyo padziko lapansi. "
Sakukhulupirira kuti dothi lawo ndi lopanda moyo, makamaka chifukwa cha zomwe adakumana nazo mu gawo lina la Antarctica.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, adaphunzira dothi lofanana ndi mapiri otere ku mapiri owoneka bwino, malo 500 kumtunda wautali wa Shackleton Glay Cight omwe mwina sakanakhala ndi chinyezi kapena kutentha kwa zaka 120,000. Atakulitsa kwa miyezi 20 pa 23 ° F, kutentha kotentha m'chigwachi, nthaka idawonetsa moyo. Koma atatentha dothi madigiri angapo pamwamba omasuka, ena adawonetsa kukula kwa bakiteriya.
Mwachitsanzo, asayansi azindikira kuti mabakiteri a mabakiteriteterite amakhalabe amoyo ngakhale atadutsa zaka masauzande ambiri m'zifinya. Akadzakwiya, kagayidwe ka maselo amatha kuchepetsa nthawi miliyoni. Amalowa mkhalidwe womwe sakukula, koma kukonza kuwonongeka kwa DNA kumachitika chifukwa cha mphete za ma cosmic. Gonera labwino limayesa kuti "opulumuka pang'onopang'ono" awa akhoza kukhala omwe amapezeka ku College Valley - amakayikira kuti ngati wokoka roberted phiri kapena kuphiri la Schroeder.
Brents Christice, yemwe amaphunzira Antractic Tiziyu ku University of Florida ku Massiesville, amakhulupirira malo owuma kwambiri, dothi lowuma limatha kusintha kuti akhale ndi moyo pa Mars.
Anazindikira kuti wotchuka 1 ndikusankhidwa kwa Mars 2 Spacecraft, yomwe idafika pa Mars mu 1976, adayesa kuyesa kwa nthaka yokhazikika m'mphepete mwa a Antarctica, dera lotchedwa zigwa zouma. Zina mwa dothizi zimanyowa kuchokera ku madzi osungunuka m'chilimwe. Amakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, koma m'malo enansonso mphutsi ndi nyama zina.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, dothi louma laphiri la Roberts ndi Phiri la Schroeder limatha kupereka malo abwino oyesera a zida za Martiya.
"Malo a Mahamu ndi oyipa kwambiri," Raciner anati. "Palibe wapangidwe padziko lapansi womwe ungakhalepo panthaka" - mkati mwa inchi kapena awiri. Maonekedwe aliwonse omwe akupita kukafunafuna moyo ayenera kukhala wokonzeka kugwira ntchito m'malo ena azokhawo padziko lapansi.
Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society. Copyright © National Geographic abwenzi, LLC, 2015-2023. Maumwini onse ndi otetezedwa.